Investing– category –
Independent explanations of investment mathematics, funds, valuation and technology, with transparent calculations and primary sources. Choose a starting point below.
Getting started: A practical first-month investing plan · Investing small amounts and managing fees
Understanding returns and risk: CAGR versus average returns · Leverage, margin and daily reset
Technology and market flows: AI data centers and electricity demand · Memory stock buybacks and index flows
Memory companies and AI economics: HBM, DRAM and NAND company map · Five tests for a memory supercycle · AI capex, depreciation and cash flow
Decisions when stocks disappoint: Why good earnings can send a stock lower · The break-even trap before averaging down
Check the assumptions behind each example. Product availability and tax treatment depend on your country and account.
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What to Do When Investments Fall: Cash Needs, Recovery Math and a Review Plan
Distinguish a falling price from a failing investment plan. Use recovery calculations and a practical checklist for holding, selling or rebalancing. -
How to Reduce Leveraged ETF Risk: Position Size, Cash and Hedge Costs
Compare position sizing with cash, bonds, gold and trading hedges. Original exposure calculations show what can and cannot protect a leveraged ETF portfolio. -
Big Tech Investing: GAFAM Business Models, Valuation and ETF Overlap
Look beyond the GAFAM label. Compare Big Tech business economics, valuation expectations and the concentration hidden across ETF and direct stock holdings. -
Market Capitalization Explained: Rankings, Free Float and Index Weights
Read market-cap rankings without mistaking size for value. Understand currencies, share counts, free float and why stock splits do not create company value. -
SPYD Explained: Dividend Yield, Total Return and Portfolio Risk
Understand SPYD dividend selection, different yield measures, distribution changes and total return with an original calculation and practical checklist. -
VAW vs XLB vs IYM: Materials ETFs, Margins and Commodity Exposure
Compare VAW, XLB and IYM by index scope and company economics. An original margin example separates commodity prices from materials-stock returns. -
VPU vs XLU vs JXI: Utilities ETFs, Interest Rates and Global Exposure
Compare VPU, XLU and JXI by geography, index scope, financing, dividends and currency exposure, with a simplified utility-profit calculation. -
CURE Explained: Healthcare Demand Does Not Remove Daily Leverage Risk
Understand CURE healthcare exposure, company economics, daily leverage and portfolio size. An original drawdown example shows why defensive is not safe. 広告
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ERX Explained: Energy Stocks Are Not Crude Oil, Even With Daily Leverage
ERX targets daily 2x energy-equity exposure, not the oil price. Separate commodity prices, company profits and daily-reset risk with original examples. -
WEBL Explained: Internet Stocks, Valuation and Daily Leverage Risk
Separate the internet business story, valuation and WEBL daily leverage. Includes an original two-day calculation and a company research checklist. -
TECL vs TQQQ: Different Benchmarks, the Same Daily Leverage Question
TECL and TQQQ both target daily 3x returns, but their benchmarks differ. Compare sector scope, overlap, compounding and costs with worked examples. -
SPXL Explained: Daily S&P 500 Leverage, Compounding and Portfolio Risk
Understand SPXL through daily-reset calculations, three hypothetical market paths, portfolio exposure and the costs a return chart can hide.
