Investing– category –
Independent explanations of investment mathematics, funds, valuation and technology, with transparent calculations and primary sources. Choose a starting point below.
Getting started: A practical first-month investing plan · Investing small amounts and managing fees
Understanding returns and risk: CAGR versus average returns · Leverage, margin and daily reset
Technology and market flows: AI data centers and electricity demand · Memory stock buybacks and index flows
Memory companies and AI economics: HBM, DRAM and NAND company map · Five tests for a memory supercycle · AI capex, depreciation and cash flow
Decisions when stocks disappoint: Why good earnings can send a stock lower · The break-even trap before averaging down
Check the assumptions behind each example. Product availability and tax treatment depend on your country and account.
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Nasdaq-100 Crash Risk: Withdrawals, Cash Buffers and the Dot-Com Lesson
The difficult question about a stock-market crash is not simply when the chart gets back to its old high. It is what happens to someone who must sell investm... -
S&P 500 Average Returns: Total Return, Dividends and Real-World Results
“What is the S&P 500's average return?” sounds like a question with one numerical answer. In practice, a dividend yield, a one-year total return and... -
Nikkei 225 vs S&P 500 vs Nasdaq-100: How to Compare Japan and U.S. Stocks
A chart showing “Japan versus America” can conceal several different comparisons: the Nikkei 225 against the S&P 500, an unhedged Japanese-stock ETF agai... -
S&P 500 Crashes and Recovery: What Long-Term Investors Need to Plan For
An S&P 500 chart can recover while a household's plan remains damaged. The index does not pay tuition, replace lost wages or sell shares to cover re... -
INDL Explained: India Exposure, Daily 2x Leverage and Long-Term Risk
India's growth story and the return from a leveraged India ETF are different things. A growing population does not tell you the price you are paying for... -
Unicorn Startup Valuations: What a $1 Billion Price Tag Really Means
A startup announces a billion-dollar valuation. Headlines call it a unicorn, and the next question arrives quickly: could this be the next great public-marke... -
How to Start Investing: A Practical First-Month Plan for Beginners
You want to start investing. You open a fund list and find hundreds of choices: global equities, the S&P 500, the Nasdaq-100, dividends, individual stock... -
Investing for Education Costs: Plan for Tuition and Market Downturns
Education savings have a feature that many investment charts ignore: the bill has a date. A portfolio can have an excellent long-run average return and still... 広告
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CFDs Explained: Margin, Leverage, Financing Costs and Retail Protections
Understand CFD notional exposure, margin close-out and financing costs. Worked calculations separate the deposit from the loss risk and explain country-specific rules. -
Investment Start Dates: How to Compare Contributions and Backtests Fairly
Audit start-date comparisons using equal horizons, contribution dates, product identity and available cash. Includes an original four-month example. -
FIRE Planning: Spending Targets, Withdrawal Rates and Retirement Flexibility
Calculate a FIRE target from spending needs rather than a hoped-for return. Compare withdrawal assumptions, sequence risk and flexible retirement choices. -
Investing Small Amounts: First Steps, Fees and a Sustainable Contribution Plan
Small contributions can build investing experience. Compare fee impact, savings capacity and a simple first routine without assuming high returns or leverage.
